KVM vs LXC: VPS Virtualization Explained

When researching VPS hosting, you'll encounter different virtualization technologies. Two common options are KVM (full virtualization) and LXC (Linux Containers). Understanding the difference helps you choose the right VPS for your needs.

Here's a complete breakdown of both technologies.

The Short Version

KVM gives you a fully isolated virtual machine with its own kernel — ideal for production workloads, Docker, and maximum flexibility.

LXC shares the host kernel but isolates processes — more efficient, but with Linux-only limitations.

For most users: Get a KVM VPS from Hostinger. It's the industry standard with no surprises.

What is KVM?

KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is full hardware virtualization built into the Linux kernel. Each virtual machine runs a complete operating system with its own dedicated kernel.

How KVM works:

• Uses CPU virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x / AMD-V)
• Each VM has independent kernel and resources
• Complete isolation between virtual machines
• Can run any operating system (Linux, Windows, BSD)

Think of it as: Running a real computer inside another computer. The VPS has no idea it's virtualized.

What is LXC?

LXC (Linux Containers) is OS-level virtualization. Multiple isolated Linux systems run on a single host, all sharing the same kernel.

How LXC works:

• Uses Linux kernel features (cgroups, namespaces)
• Containers share the host kernel
• Lower overhead than full virtualization
• Linux operating systems only

Think of it as: Isolated rooms in the same house, sharing the foundation and utilities.

LXC is the technology behind Proxmox containers and inspired Docker's early architecture.

KVM vs LXC: Feature Comparison

Feature	KVM	LXC
Type	Full virtualization	Container (OS-level)
Kernel	Own kernel per VM	Shared host kernel
Operating Systems	Any (Linux, Windows, BSD)	Linux only
Kernel Modules	Load any module	Limited by host
Docker Support	Full	Possible but complex
Resource Overhead	Higher (~2-5%)	Lower (~1-2%)
Isolation	Complete (hardware)	Strong (namespace)
Boot Time	Seconds	Milliseconds
Density	Lower	Higher
Industry Standard	Yes	Niche

Performance Differences

CPU Performance

• LXC: Near-native (no virtualization layer)
• KVM: ~2-5% overhead (negligible with modern CPUs)

For most workloads, you won't notice the difference.

Memory Usage

• LXC: More efficient (shared kernel, deduplication possible)
• KVM: Each VM needs kernel memory (~100-200MB per instance)

LXC wins on memory efficiency, but KVM VPS plans account for this.

I/O Performance

• LXC: Direct host filesystem access
• KVM: virtio drivers provide near-native speeds

Both perform well. LXC has a slight edge for disk-heavy workloads.

Boot Time

• LXC: Milliseconds (no kernel boot)
• KVM: 10-30 seconds (full boot sequence)

LXC boots almost instantly. KVM boots like a real computer.

Why KVM is Usually Better for VPS

1. Complete Operating System Flexibility

KVM lets you run anything:

• Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Rocky Linux
• Windows Server
• FreeBSD, OpenBSD
• Custom ISOs

LXC only runs Linux distributions compatible with the host kernel.

2. Full Docker and Kubernetes Support

KVM + Docker = perfect compatibility.

With LXC, running Docker is complicated. You're essentially running containers inside a container. It works with careful configuration (privileged mode, nesting), but it's not recommended for production.

If you're self-hosting anything modern (n8n, Coolify, Portainer), you want KVM.

3. Kernel Control

Need to:

• Load WireGuard module
• Tune kernel parameters
• Use a specific kernel version
• Run custom iptables/nftables rules

KVM gives you full kernel control. LXC locks you to the host kernel.

4. Security Isolation

KVM provides hardware-level isolation. A kernel vulnerability on one VM cannot affect others.

LXC shares the kernel. If the host kernel has a vulnerability, all containers are exposed. While LXC isolation is strong, it's not as robust as KVM's hardware separation.

5. No Dependency on Host Configuration

With LXC, your capabilities depend on what the host allows:

• Can you use Docker? Depends on the host.
• Can you mount filesystems? Depends on the host.
• Can you use certain network features? Depends on the host.

KVM just works — you have full control of your VM.

When LXC Might Make Sense

LXC isn't without merit. It's excellent for:

1. Home Lab with Proxmox

Running Proxmox at home? LXC containers are perfect for lightweight services:

• Pi-hole (DNS)
• Home Assistant
• Nginx reverse proxy
• Small databases

They use minimal resources and boot instantly.

2. Development and Testing

Need to spin up 10 isolated Linux environments for testing? LXC does this efficiently with lower resource usage than 10 KVM VMs.

3. Simple Single-Application Hosting

If you're hosting one application without Docker (just apt install + systemd), LXC works fine.

4. Provider Offers LXC Cheaper

Some providers (like certain Proxmox-based hosts) offer LXC containers at lower prices. For simple use cases, this can be cost-effective.

The Docker Situation

This is crucial because Docker dominates modern self-hosting.

Docker on KVM: Works perfectly. Install Docker, run your containers. Done.

Docker on LXC: Technically possible but problematic:

• Requires privileged containers (security risk)
• Needs nested container support enabled
• Some features may not work
• Provider must explicitly allow it
• Debugging issues is harder

If you need Docker, choose KVM. It's not worth the LXC headaches.

Real-World Scenarios

Running n8n

Requirement: Docker-based workflow automation Best choice: KVM — n8n runs in Docker

WordPress or PHP Site

Requirement: LAMP/LEMP stack Best choice: Either works, but KVM is safer for future needs

WireGuard VPN

Requirement: Kernel module for WireGuard Best choice: KVM — needs kernel access

Database Server (PostgreSQL/MySQL)

Requirement: Database with standard config Best choice: Either works, LXC slightly more efficient

Game Server (Minecraft)

Requirement: Java runtime, basic networking Best choice: Either works, KVM if you might add Docker later

CI/CD Runner (GitLab/Jenkins)

Requirement: Running Docker builds Best choice: KVM — needs Docker-in-Docker

How to Identify What You Have

Before buying:

• Provider usually states "KVM VPS" or "LXC Container"
• Ask support if unclear

After deploying:

# Check virtualization type
sudo virt-what

# Check for container environment
cat /proc/1/environ | tr '\0' '\n' | grep container

# LXC will show
systemd-detect-virt
# Returns "lxc" for LXC, "kvm" for KVM

# Check if you're in a container
ls -la /proc/1/
# LXC: /proc/1/environ contains "container=lxc"

Provider Recommendations

Best KVM VPS Providers

Provider	Starting Price	Notes
Hostinger	$4.99/mo	Best value, up to 8GB RAM
Hetzner	€4.15/mo	European quality, AMD EPYC
Vultr	$5/mo	Global locations, hourly billing
DigitalOcean	$6/mo	Developer-friendly
Linode	$5/mo	Reliable, good support

Our recommendation: Hostinger offers KVM VPS with exceptional value. Their 8GB RAM plan under $6/month is unbeatable for self-hosting.

LXC Container Providers

• Proxmox-based hosts — Various small providers
• Contabo — Some plans are LXC (check before buying)
• Self-hosted Proxmox — Run your own LXC containers

Most major providers (Hostinger, DigitalOcean, Vultr, Hetzner, Linode) use KVM exclusively.

LXC vs Docker vs KVM: Clarification

People sometimes confuse these technologies:

• KVM: Full virtual machines (compete with VMware, Hyper-V)
• LXC: System containers (full Linux environment, shared kernel)
• Docker: Application containers (single application, shared kernel)

LXC = "lightweight virtual machines" — run a full Linux system Docker = "application packaging" — run one application with dependencies

You typically run Docker inside a KVM VM. Running Docker inside LXC is possible but not recommended.

Migration: LXC to KVM

Moving from LXC container to KVM VM:

1. Backup your data — tar archives, database dumps
2. Get a KVM VPS — Hostinger, Hetzner, etc.
3. Fresh OS install — Set up from scratch
4. Transfer data — rsync or scp
5. Reconfigure services — They should work identically
6. Test thoroughly — Before switching DNS
7. Switch — Update DNS, cancel old VPS

The migration is straightforward since both run Linux. Your applications work the same.

Summary

Use Case	Recommendation
Docker / containers	KVM
Self-hosting (general)	KVM
Windows needed	KVM
Custom kernel	KVM
Production workloads	KVM
Home lab on Proxmox	LXC (for simple services)
Ultra-lightweight testing	LXC
Maximum resource efficiency	LXC

For cloud VPS purchases, KVM is the standard. All major providers use it, Docker works perfectly, and you have complete control.

LXC is excellent for Proxmox home labs but isn't common in commercial VPS offerings.

Next Steps

Ready to get a KVM VPS?

• Best Cheap VPS — Top KVM providers compared
• KVM vs OpenVZ — Another virtualization comparison
• Docker Compose VPS Guide — Set up Docker on KVM
• VPS Buying Guide 2026 — Complete purchasing guide